(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People's Congress on April 12, 1986
Amended according to the Decision on Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 31, 2000)
Article 1 With a view to expanding economic cooperation and technological exchange with foreign countries and promoting the development of China's national economy, the People's Republic of China permits foreign enterprises, other foreign economic organizations and individuals (hereinafter collectively referred to as "foreign investors") to set up enterprises with foreign capital in China and protects the lawful rights and interests of such enterprises.
Article 2 As mentioned in this Law, "enterprises with foreign capital" refers to those enterprises established in China by foreign investors, exclusively with their own capital, in accordance with relevant Chinese laws. The term does not include branches set up in China by foreign enterprises and other foreign economic organizations.
Article 3 Enterprises with foreign capital shall be established in such a manner as to help the development of China's national economy. The State may encourage the establishment of foreign-capital enterprises that are export-oriented or technologically advanced.
Regulations shall be formulated by the State Council regarding the lines of business which the State forbids enterprises with foreign capital to engage in or on which it places certain restrictions.
Article 4 The investments of a foreign investor in China, the profits it earns and its other lawful rights and interests are protected by Chinese law.
Enterprises with foreign capital shall abide by Chinese laws and regulations and may not engage in any activities detrimental to China's public interests.
Article 5 The State does not nationalize or requisition any enterprise with foreign capital. However, under special circumstances when public interests require, enterprises with foreign capital may be requisitioned through legal procedures and appropriate compensation shall be made.
Article 6 The application to establish an enterprise with foreign capital shall be submitted for examination and approval to the department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade, or to an institution authorized by the State Council. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 90 days from the date they receives such application, decide whether or not to grant approval.
Article 7 When the application for the establishment of an enterprise with foreign capital is approved, the foreign investor shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving the certificate of approval, apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration in order to obtain a business licence. The date of issue of the business licence of foreign-capital enterprise shall be the date of its establishment,
Article 8 An enterprise with foreign capital which meets the conditions for being considered a legal person under Chinese law shall acquire the status of a Chinese legal person in accordance with law.
Article 9 An enterprise with foreign capital shall make investments in China within the period approved by the authorities in charge of examination and approval. If it fails to do so, the administrative departments for industry and commerce shall have the power to cancel its business licence.
The administrative department for industry and commerce shall inspect and supervise the investment situation of an enterprise with foreign capital.
Article 10 In the event of separation, merger or other major change, an enterprise with foreign capital shall report the matter to and seek approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval, and register the change with the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 11 Enterprises with foreign capital shall conduct their operation and management in accordance with the approved articles of association and shall be free from any interference.
Article 12 When employing Chinese workers and staff, an enterprise with foreign capital shall conclude contracts with them according to law, in which matters concerning employment, dismissal, remuneration, welfare benefits, occupational protection and labour insurance shall be clearly prescribed.
Article 13 Workers and staff of enterprises with foreign capital may organize trade unions in accordance with law, in order to conduct trade union activities and protect their lawful rights and interests.
The said enterprises shall provide the necessary conditions for the activities of the trade unions in their respective enterprises.
Article 14 An enterprise with foreign capital shall set up account books in China, conduct independent accounting, submit the fiscal reports and statements as required and accept supervision by the financial and tax authorities.
If an enterprise with foreign capital refuses to maintain account books in China, the financial and tax authorities may impose a fine on it, and the administrative department for industry and commerce may order it to suspend operation or may revoke its business licence.
Article 15 A foreign-capital enterprise may, in adherence to the principles of fairness and rationality, purchase on both the Chinese and the world market the raw and semi-processed materials, fuels and other materials it needs within the approved scope of operation.
Article 16 Enterprises with foreign capital shall apply to insurance companies in China for such kinds of insurance coverage as are needed.
Article 17 Enterprises with foreign capital shall pay taxes in accordance with relevant State regulations for tax payment, and may enjoy preferential treatment for reduction of or exemption from taxes.
An enterprise with foreign capital that reinvests its profits in China after paying the income tax may, in accordance with relevant State regulations, apply for refund of a part of the income tax already paid on the reinvested amount.
Article 18 An enterprise with foreign capital shall handle its foreign exchange transactions in accordance with the State regulations on foreign exchange control.
An enterprise with foreign capital shall open an account with the Bank of China or with a bank designated by the State authority exercising foreign exchange control.
Article 19 The foreign investor may remit abroad the profits that are lawfully earned from an enterprise with its investment, as well as other lawful earnings and any funds remaining after the enterprise is liquidated.
Wages, salaries and other legitimate income earned by foreign employees in an enterprise with foreign capital may be remitted abroad after the payment of individual income tax in accordance with law.
Article 20 With respect to the period of operation of an enterprise with foreign capital, the foreign investor shall report to and secure approval from the authorities in charge of examination and approval. For an extension of the period of operation, an application shall be submitted to the said authorities 180 days before the expiration of the period. The authorities in charge of examination and approval shall, within 30 days from the date of receiving such application, decide whether or not to grant the extension.
Article 21 When terminating its operation, an enterprise with foreign capital shall promptly issue a public notice and proceed with liquidation in accordance with legal procedure.
Pending the completion of liquidation, a foreign investor may not dispose of the assets of the enterprise except for the purpose of liquidation.
Article 22 At the termination of operation, the enterprise with foreign capital shall cancel its registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce and hand in its business licence for cancellation.
Article 23 The department under the State Council which is in charge of foreign economic relations and trade shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 24 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of its promulgation.
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杨春宝一级律师简介
杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多常见法律问题
什么是外资企业?其设立有哪些核心条件?
外资企业是指由外国投资者独自出资、依照中国法律在中国境内设立的企业,不包括外国企业在中国设立的分支机构。设立外资企业应当有利于中国国民经济的发展,国家鼓励兴办产品出口型或技术先进型的外资企业,同时国家对禁止或限制外资进入的行业另有规定,外资企业必须遵守中国法律,不得损害公共利益。文中明确要求,外资企业的设立申请须提交至国务院对外经济贸易主管部门或授权机构,审批机关应在收到申请后90天内决定是否批准。外国投资者在获得批准证书后30天内,应向工商行政管理机关申请登记并领取营业执照,营业执照签发之日即为企业成立之日。实务中,外国投资者应准确识别拟投资行业是否属于限制或禁止类,提前准备完整的申请文件,并严格遵守审批与登记时限。若未在核准期限内投入资本,工商行政管理机关有权吊销营业执照。建议在设立前进行行业准入评估,确保按期履行出资义务,以避免影响企业合法存续和后续经营。
外资企业享有哪些法律保护?国家在何种情况下可以征收?
外资企业及其外国投资者的合法权益受中国法律保护。国家对外资企业不实行国有化和征收,但在特殊情况下,为了社会公共利益的需要,可以依照法律程序对外资企业实行征收,并给予相应的补偿。这一规定在保障外资稳定预期的同时,也为公共利益保留了必要的干预空间。根据文章内容,外国投资者在中国境内的投资、获得的利润以及其他合法权益均受法律保护。外资企业若符合中国法律关于法人条件的规定,可依法取得中国法人资格,从而独立享有民事权利并承担民事责任。国家保护范围覆盖投资本金、收益及清算后剩余资金等,外国投资者可将合法利润汇往境外。外资企业应重视合规经营,避免从事损害中国公共利益的活动,否则可能影响其受保护程度。在面临征收时,应关注补偿的合理性与及时性,并保留相关评估与法律文件。同时,外资企业变更或终止时,应依法办理批准和登记手续,清算完成前不得擅自处置企业资产,防止因程序瑕疵导致合法权益受损。
外资企业在经营管理和终止清算方面有哪些法定义务?
外资企业应依照经批准的章程自主经营、管理,不受非法干涉。企业需要在中国设置会计账簿,进行独立核算,按规定报送财务会计报表,并接受财政、税务机关监督。若拒绝设账,税务机关可处以罚款,工商部门可责令停业或吊销营业执照。文章规定,外资企业聘用中国职工应依法签订劳动合同,明确雇佣、解雇、报酬、福利、劳动保护、社会保险等事项。职工可依法组织工会,企业应为工会活动提供必要条件。外资企业可在批准经营范围内,遵循公平合理原则在国内或国际市场采购原材料等物资,并应当向中国境内的保险公司投保。企业变更经营期限、分立合并等重大事项均需报原审批机关批准并办理变更登记。在经营管理中,外资企业应建立完善的财务与劳动合规体系,按时足额出资,依法缴纳各项税费。终止经营时,应当及时公告并依法清算,清算完毕前外国投资者不得处分企业资产。清算结束后须向工商部门办理注销登记并缴销营业执照。未按规定操作将面临罚款、吊销执照等行政处罚,并可能影响投资者后续在华商业活动。
以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn




