Speech: Protect Your Brand in China

文章摘要 本文围绕中国品牌保护的核心法律实务,系统梳理了商标注册策略与侵权救济路径。在注册层面,强调遵循申请在先原则,建议外资企业及时提交申请、采用符合中国消费者习惯的中文词汇、以控股公司名义集中注册并覆盖类似商品,同时保持商标、商号与域名的一致性,以防范经销商或第三方抢注风险。在侵权救济层面,详细介绍了海关备案扣留、行政投诉查处与司法诉讼三大维权途径,并解析了管辖法院确定、适格诉讼主体、侵权行为认定及损害赔偿计算规则。文章通过凌志、索爱、立邦等典型案例,揭示了商标与商号、域名冲突的裁判逻辑,为企业构建全方位的品牌合规与维权体系提供了极具操作性的实务指引。

Part One

Some Suggestions for Trademark Registration in China

 

 

1.  File Trademark Application in time

|          The territory trait of trademark right  

|          Principle of first to register

 

 

Case 1

One Germany company appointed a Chinese company as an authorized distributor of the products bearing its own logo. Without permission of the German company, the authorized distributor filed an trademark  application for this logo. This act has caused severely negative effects on the marketing of the Germany company.

 

 

Case 2  Trademark Infringement Case in respect of “蓝色风暴”

A wine company in Zhejiang Province was granted the trademark right of “蓝色风暴”  for the goods of beer, cola etc.

Later, they found a world famous drinks company used “蓝色风暴” in the promotion, ads and package of its cola products.

 

The judgment:

The court held that the drinks company had spent a large amount of money on the promotion of “蓝色风暴” for so long time. As a matter of fact,  “蓝色风暴” became a trademark of the drinks company. For this reason, the court held this acts is an infringement of the exclusive right regarding “蓝色风暴” of the Zhejiang wine company. 

 

 

2.  Keep in Conformity with Chinese Language Habits and Customer Habits

|          Trademarks are suggested to be Chinese words 

|          Easily-identified, easily-memorized

|          Words that are familiar to or are recognized by the customers

 

 

Case 3  Lexus

Lexus is a famous brand of Toyota. Before Toyota sold Lexus in China, it was translated as “凌志” but has not been registered. When Toyota began to sell Lexus in China, the brand name had to be changed into “雷克萨斯”, because “凌志” had been registered by someone else.

 

 

Case 4   “索爱” Trademark Case

One person filed trademark application for “索爱” and was granted exclusive right to this trademark  in 2004. One year later, Sony Ericsson company filed a request for cancelation of this trademark, but the request was  not supported by the Trademark Review and Adjudication Board  and the court.

 

 

3.  The Registration Shall be Under the name of the Holding Company

Purpose:

|          Centralized management of intangible assets

|          Transfer of Loyalty

|          Avoid being involved to liquidation or other relevant procedure of the WFOE or JV

 

 

4.  The Registration Shall Cover Similar Goods

Purpose:

|          Prevent from registration in similar goods by others

|          Prevent from potential trademark infringement

 

 

Case 5

A clothing company registered its logo in China for goods of clothes. Later the company found someone else used the same logo on glasses. Because their trademark application doesn’t cover glasses, the clothing company failed to claim for damages or stop such sales.

 

 

5.  Keep in Conformity with the Trade name and Domain name

Purpose:

|          Prevent from registration by others and customers being confused

|          Prevent from potential trademark infringement

 

 

Part Two

Remedy of Trademark Infringement

 

 

1.  Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

Put on record → Apply for detaining of suspected infringing goods → Investigation of Customs→Make the decision

 

 

2.  Measures for Administrative Protection of Trademark

Report →Negotiation→Make a decision by Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce →administrative proceedings civil proceedings 

 

 

3.  Judicial Protection of Trademark

Laws and Regulations:

|           Trademark Law of PRC,

|           Interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court on Several issues concerning the Application of Law to the Trial of Cases of Civil Disputes over the Trademarks

 

(1)Jurisdiction

|          Where the infringing acts take place

|          Where the infringing goods are stored or detained

|          Where the defendant is domiciled 

 

(2)The concerned parties

As plaintiff

|          Trademark registrant

|          licensees under sole licensing contracts

|          Licensees under exclusive licensing contracts can bring a joint suit together with the trademark registrant and can also bring a suit by themselves if the trademark registrant does not bring a suit

|          Licensees under non-exclusive licensing contracts , provided that they have been given clear authorization to do so by the trademark registrant

 

As defendant:

|          Producers of infringing goods

|          Sellers of infringing goods

|          Who counterfeit, or to make, without authorization, representations of a registered trademark of another person, or to sell such representations

 

(3)Infringing acts

|          To use a trademark that is identical with or similar to a registered trademark in respect of the identical or similar goods without the authorization from the trademark registrant;

|          To sell goods bear a counterfeited registered trademark;

|          To counterfeit, or to make, without authorization, representations of a registered trademark of another person, or to sell such representations of a registered trademark as were counterfeited, or made without authorization;

|          To replace, without the consent of the trademark registrant, its or his registered trademark and market again the goods bearing the replaced trademark

|          To use the words identical or similar to another's registered trademark as a trade name in a distinctive manner on identical or similar goods, and thus causing possible confusion among the relative public;

|          To copy, imitate, translate another's well-known registered trademark or its dominant part to be used as a trademark on non-similar or non-identical goods and thus mislead consumers and possibly causing damage to the interest of the well-known trademark  owner;

|          To registrate words identical with or similar to another's registered trademark as a domain name, and to conduct e-commerce in the goods through this domain name, which is likely to cause confusion among relative public;

|          Other infringing acts.

 

(4)The Evidence Shall be provided

|          A legitimate and effective certificate of trademark ownership or authorization;

|          Evidence of infringing acts,such as the  process of purchase of infringing goods, the infringing goods;

|          Evidence of the claim for damages.

 

(5)Calculation of Damages

|          The profit that the infringer has earned because of the infringement in the period of the infringement;

|          The injury that the trademark registrant has suffered from the infringement in the period of the infringement;

|          The appropriate expenses of the trademark registrant for stopping the infringement;

|          An amount of damages of no more than RMB 500, 000 Yuan.

 

 

Case 6  “立邦” Trademark Cases

Conflict between trademark and trade name

A company registered “立邦” as its trade name. Nippon Paint company then brought a suit against this company.

Finally, the court held the use of “立邦” as trade name violated the exclusive right of Nippon paint company and the trade name shall be changed to the words other than “立邦”.

 

 

Conflict between trademark and domain name

Nippon Paint company found that one person registered a domain name containing “nippon”. Then, under the authorization of Nippon paint company, our law firm submitted the dispute to Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre, demanding transfer the domain name “nipponpaint.asia” to Nippon Paint company.

Eventually, we won this case and the domain name had been

transferred.

 

 

Q&A

 

 

Thanks!

                 

|    Chambers Yang    Partner/Attorney

 

|     37F, Hongkong Plaza, 283 Huaihai Rd(M),Shanghai, China

|     Tel: 0086 21 6385 9090

|     Fax: 0086 21 6390 6651

|     Email: Chambers@hllawyers.com

杨春宝一级律师简介

杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多

常见法律问题

在中国进行商标注册时如何防范被抢注风险?

商标权具有严格的地域性特征,中国商标注册体系遵循申请在先原则。这意味着谁先向商标主管机关提交注册申请,谁就有可能获得该商标的专用权。未在中国境内及时注册的商标,即便在海外享有极高知名度,也难以直接对抗他人在国内的抢注行为。因此,确立先发制人的注册战略是品牌保护的基石。文章中引用了多个典型场景说明抢注风险。一家德国公司任命中国公司为授权经销商后,该经销商未经许可擅自申请注册了德国公司的标识,导致德国公司市场推广严重受阻。此外,丰田旗下的雷克萨斯在进入中国市场前曾使用【凌志】作为译名,但因未及时注册被他人抢注,最终被迫更名为【雷克萨斯】。索尼爱立信未能撤销他人抢注的【索爱】商标,也印证了这一规则的刚性。企业在开拓中国市场前,必须将商标注册纳入整体商业规划,实行注册先行策略。在选择商标名称时,应顺应中国本土语言习惯与消费者认知,优先选用易识别、易记忆的中文词汇。同时,注册主体应直接设定为控股公司,以实现无形资产的集中管理,避免因合资或独资企业面临清算等程序时导致商标资产被牵连冻结或引发权属纠纷。

商标注册范围如何覆盖类似商品以避免侵权盲区?

商标专用权的保护范围不仅限于核准注册的特定商品类别,还延伸至与之类似的商品范畴。这一规则旨在防止消费者对商品来源产生混淆,并阻止他人利用相似商品类别搭便车。若注册时仅局限于单一产品线而忽略关联类别,商标权人在面对跨类别侵权时将面临维权不能的法律困境,无法有效阻止他人的攀附行为。文章中列举了一家服装企业的真实案例。该企业仅将其标识在服装商品上进行了注册,并未覆盖眼镜等配饰商品。随后发现他人在眼镜产品上使用了完全相同的标识。由于该服装企业的商标申请范围未涵盖眼镜类别,导致其既无法要求对方停止销售,也无法主张损害赔偿,只能眼睁睁看着品牌价值被稀释。企业在提交商标申请时,应当进行前瞻性的类别布局,不仅要注册当前经营的核心商品类别,还要全面覆盖上下游产业链及容易产生混淆的类似商品群组。此外,应确保商标名称与企业商号、域名保持高度一致,防止他人在不同权利客体上抢注相同标识,从而构建起商标、商号与域名三位一体的立体化品牌防御体系,消除潜在侵权盲区。

遭遇商标侵权时可通过哪些途径寻求法律救济?

中国针对商标侵权构建了海关、行政与司法并行的多元化救济体系。海关保护通过备案与扣留机制拦截进出口环节的侵权货物;行政保护依托市场监管部门进行快速查处与裁决;司法保护则通过民事诉讼提供终局救济,涵盖管辖权确定、适格原告资格审查、侵权行为认定及损害赔偿计算等完整程序,权利人可根据侵权规模与维权目的灵活选择。文章详细解析了立邦涂料的维权案例。在商标与商号冲突中,某公司擅自将【立邦】注册为企业商号,立邦涂料提起诉讼后,法院认定该行为侵犯商标专用权,判令其变更商号。在商标与域名冲突中,有人注册了包含nippon的域名,立邦涂料通过亚洲域名争议解决中心成功将该域名转移。同时,文章指出司法救济中的损害赔偿可按侵权获利、权利人损失或合理开支计算,法定赔偿额上限为五十万元。权利人在启动维权程序前,必须系统固定证据,包括有效的商标权属证书、授权文件、侵权行为过程记录以及为维权支出的合理费用凭证。对于适格原告,独占许可合同的被许可人可单独起诉,排他许可人可与商标权人共同起诉或在权利人不起诉时自行起诉。企业应建立侵权监控机制,一旦发现商标被用作他人商号或域名,应迅速启动行政投诉或司法诉讼,防止品牌弱化。

以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn

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